Now updated to reflect the International Plumbing Code, you can expect a more current, more effective exam preparation than ever before. To learn more, visit www. Looking for online exam prep products? Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version. With an emphasis on structural and fire- and life-safety requirements, this practical resource has been designed to save time and money.
Access to a suite of online bonus features is included with the book. An Applied Guide to Process and Plant Design, 2nd edition, is a guide to process plant design for both students and professional engineers. The book covers plant layout and the use of spreadsheet programs and key drawings produced by professional engineers as aids to design; subjects that are usually learned on the job rather than in education.
The book also includes a wealth of selection tables, covering the key aspects of professional plant design which engineering students and early-career engineers tend to find most challenging.
Includes new and expanded content, including illustrative case studies and practical examples Explains how to deliver a process design that meets both business and safety criteria Covers plant layout and the use of spreadsheet programs and key drawings as aids to design Includes a comprehensive set of selection tables, covering aspects of professional plant design which early-career designers find most challenging.
The Administrative Law Appendix contains listings of regulations of administrative agencies of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Each agency entry contains a narrative with a summary statement of its role, the address where the public may seek the text of the regulations, and a listing of the regulations in effect.
The listings are from the prior edition of the Virginia Administrative Law Appendix with updates from The Virginia Register and, in many cases, the agencies. A device shall not be placed inside the piping or fittings that will reduce the cross-sectional area or otherwise obstruct the free flow of gas. Exceptions: Approved gas filters. An approved fitting or device where the gas piping system has been sized to accommodate the pressure drop of the fitting or device. Before any system of piping is put in service or concealed, it shall be tested to ensure that it is gas tight.
Testing, inspection and purging of piping systems shall comply with Section Changes in direction of pipe shall be permitted to be made by the use of fittings, factory bends or field bends. Metallic pipe bends shall comply with the following: Bends shall be made only with bending tools and procedures intended for that purpose.
All bends shall be smooth and free from buckling, cracks or other evidence of mechanical damage. The longitudinal weld of the pipe shall be near the neutral axis of the bend. Pipe shall not be bent through an arc of more than 90 degrees 1.
The inside radius of a bend shall be not less than six times the outside diameter of the pipe. Plastic pipe bends shall comply with the following: The pipe shall not be damaged and the internal diameter of the pipe shall not be effectively reduced. Joints shall not be located in pipe bends.
The radius of the inner curve of such bends shall be not less than 25 times the inside diameter of the pipe. Where the piping manufacturer specifies the use of special bending tools or procedures, such tools or procedures shall be used. Factory-made welding elbows or transverse segments cut therefrom shall have an arc length measured along the crotch of not less than 1 inch 25 mm in pipe sizes 2 inches 51 mm and larger.
Prior to acceptance and initial operation, all piping installations shall be visually inspected and pressure tested to determine that the materials, design, fabrication and installation practices comply with the requirements of this code. Inspection shall consist of visual examination during or after manufacture, fabrication, assembly or pressure tests.
In the event repairs or additions are made after the pressure test , the affected piping shall be tested. Minor repairs and additions are not required to be pressure tested provided that the work is inspected and connections are tested with a noncorrosive leak-detecting fluid or other approved leak-detecting methods. Where new branches are installed to new appliance s, only the newly installed branches shall be required to be pressure tested.
Connections between the new piping and the existing piping shall be tested with a noncorrosive leak-detecting fluid or other approved leakdetecting methods. A piping system shall be permitted to be tested as a complete unit or in sections. Under no circumstances shall a valve in a line be used as a bulkhead between gas in one section of the piping system and test medium in an adjacent section, except where a double block and bleed valve system is installed.
A valve shall not be subjected to the test pressure unless it can be determined that the valve , including the valve -closing mechanism, is designed to safely withstand the test pressure. Regulator and valve assemblies fabricated independently of the piping system in which they are to be installed shall be permitted to be tested with inert gas or air at the time of fabrication.
Prior to testing, the interior of the pipe shall be cleared of all foreign material. The test medium shall be air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or an inert gas. Oxygen shall not be used. Pipe joints, including welds, shall be left exposed for examination during the test. Exception: Covered or concealed pipe end joints that have been previously tested in accordance with this code. Expansion joints shall be provided with temporary restraints, if required, for the additional thrust load under test.
Appliance s and equipment that are not to be included in the test shall be either disconnected from the piping or isolated by blanks, blind flanges or caps. Flanged joints at which blinds are inserted to blank off other equipment during the test shall not be required to be tested. Where the piping system is connected to appliances or equipment designed for operating pressures of less than the test pressure, such appliances or equipment shall be isolated from the piping system by disconnecting them and capping the outlet s.
Where the piping system is connected to appliance s or equipment designed for operating pressures equal to or greater than the test pressure, such appliance s or equipment shall be isolated from the piping system by closing the individual appliance or equipment shutoff valve s.
Testing of piping systems shall be performed in a manner that protects the safety of employees and the public during the test. Test pressure shall be measured with a manometer or with a pressure-measuring device designed and calibrated to read, record or indicate a pressure loss caused by leakage during the pressure test period. The source of pressure shall be isolated before the pressure tests are made. Mechanical gauges used to measure test pressures shall have a range such that the highest end of the scale is not greater than five times the test pressure.
Where the test pressure exceeds psig kPa gauge , the test pressure shall not exceed a value that produces a hoop stress in the piping greater than 50 percent of the specified minimum yield strength of the pipe.
When testing a system having a volume less than 10 cubic feet 0. The duration of the test shall not be required to exceed 24 hours. The piping system shall withstand the test pressure specified without showing any evidence of leakage or other defects. Any reduction of test pressures as indicated by pressure gauges shall be deemed to indicate the presence of a leak unless such reduction can be readily attributed to some other cause.
The leakage shall be located by means of an approved gas detector, a noncorrosive leak detection fluid or other approved leak detection methods. Where leakage or other defects are located, the affected portion of the piping system shall be repaired or replaced and retested.
Leakage checking of systems and equipment shall be in accordance with Sections Leak checks using fuel gas shall be permitted in piping systems that have been pressure tested in accordance with Section During the process of turning gas on into a system of new gas piping , the entire system shall be inspected to determine that there are no open fittings or ends and that all valves at unused outlets are closed and plugged or capped.
Immediately after the gas is turned on into a new system or into a system that has been initially restored after an interruption of service, the piping system shall be checked for leakage. Where leakage is indicated, the gas supply shall be shut off until the necessary repairs have been made. Appliance s and equipment shall not be placed in operation until after the piping system has been checked for leakage in accordance with Section The purging of piping shall be in accordance with Sections The purging of piping systems shall be in accordance with the provisions of Sections The piping being purged contains one or more sections of pipe or tubing meeting the size and length criteria of Table Where existing gas piping is opened, the section that is opened shall be isolated from the gas supply and the line pressure vented in accordance with Section Where gas piping meeting the criteria of Table Where gas piping containing air and meeting the criteria of Table The inert gas shall then be displaced with fuel gas in accordance with Section The open end of a piping system being pressure vented or purged shall discharge directly to an outdoor location.
Purging operations shall comply with all of the following requirements: The point of discharge shall be controlled with a shutoff valve. The point of discharge shall be located not less than 10 feet mm from sources of ignition, not less than 10 feet mm from building openings and not less than 25 feet mm from mechanical air intake openings.
During discharge, the open point of discharge shall be continuously attended and monitored with a combustible gas indicator that complies with Section Purging operations introducing fuel gas shall be stopped when 90 percent fuel gas by volume is detected within the pipe.
Persons not involved in the purging operations shall be evacuated from all areas within 10 feet mm of the point of discharge. Combustible gas indicators shall be listed and shall be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Combustible gas indicators shall numerically display a volume scale from zero percent to percent in 1 percent or smaller increments.
The purging of piping systems shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section The piping being purged is constructed entirely from pipe or tubing not meeting the size and length criteria of Table The piping system shall be purged in accordance with one or more of the following: The piping shall be purged with fuel gas and shall discharge to the outdoors.
The piping shall be purged with fuel gas and shall discharge to the indoors or outdoors through an appliance burner not located in a combustion chamber. Such burner shall be provided with a continuous source of ignition. The piping shall be purged with fuel gas and shall discharge to the indoors or outdoors through a burner that has a continuous source of ignition and that is designed for such purpose.
The piping shall be purged with fuel gas that is discharged to the indoors or outdoors, and the point of discharge shall be monitored with a listed combustible gas detector in accordance with Section Purging shall be stopped when fuel gas is detected. The piping shall be purged by the gas supplier in accordance with written procedures. Combustible gas detectors shall be listed and shall be calibrated or tested in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Combustible gas detectors shall be capable of indicating the presence of fuel gas. After the piping system has been placed in operation, appliances and equipment shall be purged before being placed into operation.
Piping shall be provided with support in accordance with Section Piping shall be supported with metal pipe hooks, metal pipe straps, metal bands, metal brackets, metal hangers or building structural components, suitable for the size of piping , of adequate strength and quality, and located at intervals so as to prevent or damp out excessive vibration.
Piping shall be anchored to prevent undue strains on connected appliance s and shall not be supported by other piping. Pipe hangers and supports shall conform to the requirements of MSS SP and shall be spaced in accordance with Section Supports, hangers and anchors shall be installed so as not to interfere with the free expansion and contraction of the piping between anchors.
All parts of the supporting equipment shall be designed and installed so that they will not be disengaged by movement of the supported piping. Where wet gas exists, a drip shall be provided at any point in the line of pipe where condensate could collect. A drip shall be provided at the outlet of the meter and shall be installed so as to constitute a trap wherein an accumulation of condensate will shut off the flow of gas before the condensate will run back into the meter.
Drips shall be provided with ready access to permit cleaning or emptying. A drip shall not be located where the condensate is subject to freezing. Where a sediment trap is not incorporated as part of the appliance , a sediment trap shall be installed downstream of the appliance shutoff valve as close to the inlet of the appliance as practical. The sediment trap shall be either a tee fitting having a capped nipple of any length installed vertically in the bottommost opening of the tee as illustrated in Figure Illuminating appliances , ranges, clothes dryers , decorative vented appliances for installation in vented fireplaces , gas fireplaces and outdoor grills need not be so equipped.
Piping systems shall be provided with shutoff valves in accordance with this section. Shutoff valves shall be of an approved type; shall be constructed of materials compatible with the piping ; and shall comply with the standard that is applicable for the pressure and application, in accordance with Table Includes code tables for pipe sizing and fixture units, and code requirements for just about all areas of plumbing, from water supply and vents to sanitary drainage systems.
Covers the principles and terminology of the code, how the various systems work and are regulated, and code-compliance issues you'll likely encounter on the job. Increasingly, alternative water sources such as graywater-untreated wastewater that does not include water from the toilet but generally includes water from bathroom sinks, showers, bathtubs, clothes washers, and laundry sinks- and stormwater-water from rainfall or snow that can be measured downstream in a pipe, culvert, or stream shortly after the precipitation event-are being viewed as resources to supplement scarce water supplies rather than as waste to be discharged as rapidly as possible.
Graywater and stormwater can serve a range of non-potable uses, including irrigation, toilet flushing, washing, and cooling, although treatment may be needed. Stormwater may also be used to recharge groundwater, which may ultimately be tapped for potable use. In addition to providing additional sources of local water supply, harvesting stormwater has many potential benefits, including energy savings, pollution prevention, and reducing the impacts of urban development on urban streams.
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